New Gene BRCAX Help Women Live Longer With Breast Cancer
HOUSTON (AP ) ----- Barron’s Medical Journal at A Susan G Komen Fundraising event in Houston Texas at the world famous Hotel ZA ZA reporting on a major concern among scientist, why is there a slight increase in breast cancer rates with Black Women ? The American Cancer Society provides an overview of female breast cancer statistics in the United States, including data on incidence, mortality, survival, and screening. Approximately 232,340 new cases of invasive 
breast cancer and 39,620 breast cancer deaths are expected to occur among US women in 2013. One in 8 women in the United States will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. Breast cancer incidence rates increased slightly among African American women; decreased among Hispanic women; and were stable among whites, Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders, and American Indians/Alaska Natives from 2006 to 2010. Historically, white women have had the highest breast cancer incidence rates among women aged 40 years and older; however, incidence rates are converging among white and African American women, particularly among women aged 50 years to 59 years. Incidence rates increased for estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers in the youngest white women, Hispanic women aged 60 years to 69 years, and all but the oldest African American women. In contrast, estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers declined among most age and racial/ethnic groups. These divergent trends may reflect etiologic heterogeneity and the differing effects of some factors, such as obesity and parity, on risk by tumor subtype. Since 1990, breast cancer death rates have dropped by 34% and this decrease was evident in all racial/ethnic groups except American Indians/Alaska Natives. Nevertheless, survival disparities persist by race/ethnicity, with African American women having the poorest breast cancer survival of any racial/ethnic group. Continued progress in the control of breast cancer will require sustained 
and increased efforts to provide high-quality screening, diagnosis, and treatment to all segments of the population.
Not all hereditary breast cancers are caused by BRCA1 and BRCA2. In fact, researchers now believe that at least half of hereditary breast cancers are not linked to these genes. Scientists also now think that these remaining cases of hereditary breast cancer are not caused by another single, unidentified gene, but rather by many genes, each accounting for a small fraction of breast cancers
In 1995 and 1996, studies of DNA samples revealed that Ashkenazi (Eastern European) Jews are 10 times more likely to have mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA 2 genes than the general population. Approximately 2.65 percent of the Ashkenazi Jewish population has a mutation in these genes, while only 0.2 percent of 
the general population carries these mutations.
Further research showed that three specific mutations in these genes accounted for 90 percent of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants within this ethnic group. This contrasts with hundreds of unique mutations of these two genes within the general population. However, despite the relatively high prevalence of these genetic mutations in Ashkenazi Jews, only seven percent of breast cancers in Ashkenazi women are caused by alterations in BRCA1 and BRCA2.
Researchers in Finland, Iceland and Sweden, working with scientists at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), have found evidence of a gene that appears to increase susceptibility to hereditary breast cancer. The study examined women who live in Nordic countries and who have three or more female family members with breast cancer.
Published in the August 15, 2000 issue of the
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), this finding may help to explain why some women with a family history of hereditary breast cancer are at particularly high risk of developing the potentially fatal disease, even when they lack mutations in two previously identified breast cancer susceptibility genes, BRCA1 and BRCA2.
While scientists have not yet identified a third BRCA gene, they have succeeded in pinpointing its probable location to chromosome 13, the same chromosome that contains the previously identified BRCA2 gene. Mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 impair the body's cell production of tumor suppressor proteins.
"We've located what looks like a very good region in the human genome in which to search for a third breast cancer susceptibility gene," said Dr. Olli Kallioniemi, former senior scientist at NHGRI. He is one of 35 scientists in 14 laboratories in the United States, Finland, Sweden, Iceland and Germany who collaborated on the study.
Sam Houston Biotech approximately 30% of malignant breast cancers demonstrate overamplification of the human epidermal receptor type 2 (HER2) gene. HER-2 can be resistant to low-doses of anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
The Good News is that science has advanced. Sections of microarray provide targets for parallel in situ detection of DNA, RNA and protein targets in each specimen on the array. The better News is that Genomics is on the Clock. Genomics provide a faster cheaper more effective way to detect the Her2 gene by using Semiconductor Sequencing. A example of this technique is Gennxeix Biotech Inc Semiconductor Sequencing. “Quantum Theory” In Action for Breast Cancer Patients. One of the major player and touch down makers for breast cancer is Houston Texas Methodist Hospital. In A clinical Trial A Rev. Noel Denison, a retired Methodist minister, was diagnosed with locally advanced HER2-positive breast cancer and is enrolled in the study at Methodist, one of only two locations in the United States. The clinical trial is for locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer and combines standard chemotherapy with trastuzumab emtansine,
better known in the breast cancer world as T-DM1, and pertuzumab, a monoclonal antibody that also attaches to HER2 on cancer cells. Using Genomics and semiconductors to detect breast cancer plus T-DM1 to treat breast
cancer is a winning combination. What is T-DM1? T-DM1 is in a new class of cancer-fighting agents called antibody drug conjugates. By combining the antibody trastuzumab directly with docetaxel (standard chemotherapy) and/or pertuzumab, the T-DMI is designed to attack the tumor cells directly and deliver the chemotherapy. Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) consists of our proprietary DM1 cancer-killing agent attached to the HER2-binding antibody, trastuzumab, developed 
by Genentech (a member of the Roche Group) using our linker and methods of attachment. Trastuzumab emtansine is in global development by Roche under a collaboration agreement between ImmunoGen and Genentech. Marketing applications for trastuzumab emtansine are under review in the US and Europe. The Defense and the most dangerous aspect of breast cancer is its ability to spread to distant sites, most tumors are initially unable to do that Learning more specifically what triggers metastases may provide additional targets for preventing and treating the malignant process that causes cancer deaths. It’s widely accepted that cancers acquire the ability to spread through the gradual accumulation of genetic changes, and experiments have also shown that these changes occur in parallel with changes in the protein content and 3-dimensional patterning of 
the protein meshwork that creates their immediate surroundings Gene that stops the growth of KCNK9 Genes is gene is p53. p53 is a fundamental determinant of cancer susceptibility, p53 integrates stress signals and elicits apoplectic responses that maintain genomic stability. When cells sense a decrease in oxygen availability (hypoxia), they develop adaptive responses in order to sustain this condition and survive. If hypoxia lasts too long or is too severe, the cells eventually die. Hypoxia is also known to modulate the p53 pathway, in a manner dependent or not of HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1), the main transcription factor activated by hypoxia. The p53 protein is a transcription factor, which is rapidly stabilized by cellular stresses
Breast cancer is a common disease. Each year, approximately 200,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with breast cancer, and one in nine American women will develop breast cancer in her lifetime. But hereditary breast cancer - caused by a mutant gene passed from parents to their children -
is rare. Estimates of the incidence of hereditary breast cancer range from between 5 to 10 percent to as many as 27 percent of all breast cancers.
In 1994, the first gene associated with breast cancer - BRCA1 (for Breast Cancer1) was identified on chromosome 17. A year later, a second gene associated with breast cancer - BRCA2 - was discovered on chromosome 13. When individuals carry a mutated form of either BRCA1 or BRCA2, they have an increased risk of developing breast or ovarian cancer at some point in their lives. Children of parents with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation have a 50 percent chance of inheriting the gene mutation
