Barron’s Medical Journal Reporting From American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC) in Houston ,Texas USA At The George R Brown Convention Center Robert Graham Ph.D. Reporting
Genomics And LC-MS/MS Mass Spectrometry Analysis is What’s Next For A Breast Cancer Cure Thanks Henrietta Lacks
Houston ( AP ) Genomcis and LC (liquid Chromatography) -MS/MS (Tandem Mass) mass spectrometry analysis is What’s Next For A Breast Cancer Cure. Barron Medical Journal has found we now have the know how and the systems to detect breast cancer genes and now at this year’s show BMJ has found one of the major advances in science that have been around for over a Hundred years MS mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that produces spectra (singular spectrum) of the masses of the molecules comprising a sample of material. The great news about MS is we can now validate our genomic gene finding. The next step is to get this technology out of the University
centers in to commercial use. Here are some success stories on breast cancer and MS Mass Spectrometry.
Barron’s Medical Journal breast cancer focus was amplified right outside of Washington, DC USA Where The National Institute Of Health Director Francis Collins gave the rights and say so of one of the most important genes in the fight for breast cancer. The HSP70 the gene protein cancer cells kept alive…..More on the background for Henrietta Lacks in the next paragraph. Tumor differentiation factor (TDF) is our line of discussion in this article. We now have genomics which tells us that genes GRP78 and HSP70 are key in Indentifying and solving breast cancer. In molecular genomics we also have a tool called Mass spectrometry which allows scientist to verify our gene analysis.
In others words cancer cells taken without consent from A African American Women is used to identify bio Markers used in the scientific puzzle "A Breast Cancer Cure".
Henrietta Lacks (August 1, 1920 – October 4, 1951) (sometimes erroneously called Henrietta Lakes, Helen Lane or Helen Larson) was an African-American woman who was the unwitting source of cells (from her cancerous tumor) which were cultured by George Otto Gey to create an immortal cell line for medical research. This is now known as the HeLa cell line.
On January 29, 1951, Henrietta went to Johns Hopkins Hospital because she felt a knot inside her. It all started when she asked her cousins to feel her belly, asking if they felt the lump that she did. Her cousins assumed correctly that she was pregnant. But, after giving birth to her fifth child, Joseph, Henrietta started bleeding abnormally and profusely. Her local doctor tested her for syphilis, which came back negative, and referred her to Johns Hopkins.
Johns Hopkins was their only choice for a hospital, since it was the only one in proximity to them that treated black patients. Howard Jones, her new doctor, examined Henrietta and the lump in her cervix. It was like nothing he had ever seen before. He cut off a small part of the tumor and sent it to the pathology lab. Soon after, Jones discovered she had a malignant epidermoid carcinoma of the cervix Stage 1 (cervical cancer).
Lacks was treated with radium tube inserts, which were sewn in place. After several days in place, the tubes were removed and she was released from Johns Hopkins with instructions to return for X-ray treatments as a follow-up. During her radiation treatments for the tumor, two samples of Henrietta's cervix were removed— a healthy part and a cancerous part— without her permission.[10] The cells from her cervix were given to Dr. George Otto Gey. These cells would eventually become the HeLa immortal cell line, a commonly used cell line in biomedical research.
In significant pain and without improvement, Lacks returned to Hopkins on August 8th for a treatment session, but asked to be admitted. She remained at the hospital until the day of her death. Though she received treatment and blood transfusions, she died of uremic poisoning on October 4, 1951 at the age of thirty-one. A subsequent partial autopsy showed that the cancer had metastasized throughout her entire body.
Henrietta Lacks was buried without a tombstone in a family cemetery in Lackstown, a part of Clover in Halifax County, Virginia. Her exact burial location is not known, although the family believes it is within feet of her mother's gravesite.Lackstown is the name of the land that has been held by the (black) Lacks family since they received it from the (white) Lacks family, who had owned the ancestors of the black Lackses when slavery was legal. Many members of the black Lacks family were also descended from the white Lacks family. A row of boxwoods separates the graves of whites from those of the blacks buried in the family cemetery.For decades, Henrietta Lacks' mother had the only tombstone of the five graves in the family cemetery in Lackstown, and Henrietta's own grave was unmarked. [11][12] In 2010, however, Dr. Roland Pattillo of the Morehouse School of Medicine donated a headstone for Lacks after reading The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. The headstone, which is shaped like a book, reads:
Henrietta Lacks, August 01, 1920-October 04, 1951.
In loving memory of a phenomenal woman, wife and mother who touched the lives of many.
Here lies Henrietta Lacks (HeLa). Her immortal cells will continue to help mankind forever.
Eternal Love and Admiration, From Your Family
The cells from Henrietta's tumor were given to researcher George Gey, who "discovered that [Henrietta's] cells did something they'd never seen before: They could be kept alive and grow." Before this, cells cultured from other cells would only survive for a few days. Scientists spent more time trying to keep the cells alive than performing actual research on the cells but some cells from Lacks's tumor sample behaved differently than others. George Gey was able to isolate one specific cell, multiply it, and start a cell line. Gey named the sample HeLa, after the initial letters of Henrietta Lacks' name. As the first human cells grown in a lab that were "immortal" (they do not die after a few cell divisions), they could be used for conducting many experiments. This represented an enormous boon to medical and biological research.
HeLa by a researcher at the hospital helped answer the demands of the 10,000 who marched for a cure to polio shortly before Lacks' death. By 1954, the HeLa strain of cells was being used by Jonas Salk to develop a vaccine for polio To test Salk's new vaccine, the cells were quickly put into mass production in the first-ever cell production factory.
Demand for the HeLa cells quickly grew. Since they were put into mass production, Henrietta's cells have been mailed to scientists around the globe for "research into cancer, AIDS, the effects of radiation and toxic substances, gene mapping, and countless other scientific pursuits". HeLa cells have been used to test human sensitivity to tape, glue, cosmetics, and many other products. Scientists have grown some 20 tons of her cells. and there are almost 11,000 patents involving HeLa cells
In the early 1970s, the family of Henrietta Lacks started getting calls from researchers who wanted blood samples from them to learn the family's genetics (eye colors, hair colors, and genetic connections). The family questioned this, which led to them learning about the removal of Henrietta's cells.
Early phase of biomarker discovery in three clinically important types of breast cancer using a panel of human cell lines: HER2 positive, hormone receptor positive and HER2 negative, and triple negative (HER2-, ER-, PR-). We identified and characterized the most abundant secreted, sloughed, or leaked proteins released into serum free media from these breast cancer cell lines using a combination of protein fractionation methods before LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis. A total of 249 proteins were detected in the proximal fluid of 7 breast cancer cell lines. The expression of a selected group of high abundance and/or breast cancer-specific potential biomarkers including thromobospondin 1, galectin-3 binding protein, cathepsin D, vimentin, zinc-α2-glycoprotein, CD44, and EGFR from the breast cancer cell lines and in their culture media were further validated by Western blot analysis. Interestingly, mass spectrometry identified a
cathepsin D protein single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) by alanine to valine replacement from the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. Comparison of each cell line media proteome displayed unique and consistent biosignatures regardless of the individual group classifications, demonstrating the potential for stratification of breast cancer. On the basis of the cell line media proteome, predictive Tree software was able to categorize each cell line as HER2 positive, HER2 negative, and hormone receptor positive and triple negative based on only two proteins, muscle fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase and keratin 19. In addition, the predictive Tree software clearly identified MCF-7 cell line overexpresing the HER2 receptor with the SNP cathepsin D biomarker
Approximately 30% of malignant breast cancers demonstrate overamplification of the human epidermal receptor type 2 (HER2) gene. HER-2 can be resistant to low-doses of anthracycline-based chemotherapy.
The Good News is that science has advanced. Sections of microarray provide targets for parallel in situ detection of DNA, RNA and protein targets in each specimen on the array. The better News is that Genomics is on the Clock. Genomics provide a faster cheaper more effective way to detect the Her2 gene by using Semiconductor Sequencing. A example of this technique is Gennxeix Biotech Inc Semiconductor Sequencing. "Quantum Theory" In Action for Breast Cancer Patients. One of the major player and touch down makers for breast cancer is Houston Texas Methodist Hospital. In A clinical Trial A Rev. Noel Denison, a retired Methodist minister, was diagnosed with locally advanced HER2-positive breast cancer and is enrolled in the study at Methodist, one of only two locations in the United States. The clinical trial is for locally advanced or metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer and combines standard chemotherapy with trastuzumab emtansine, better known in the breast cancer world as T-DM1, and pertuzumab,
a monoclonal antibody that also attaches to HER2 on cancer cells. Using Genomics and semiconductors to detect breast cancer plus T-DM1 to treat breast cancer is a winning combination. What is T-DM1? T-DM1 is in a new class of cancer-fighting agents called antibody
drug conjugates. By combining the antibody trastuzumab directly with docetaxel (standard chemotherapy) and/or pertuzumab, the T-DMI is designed to attack the tumor cells directly and deliver the chemotherapy. Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) consists of our proprietary DM1 cancer-killing agent attached to the HER2-binding antibody, trastuzumab, developed by Genentech (a member of the Roche Group)
using our linker and methods of attachment. Trastuzumab emtansine is in global development by Roche under a collaboration agreement between ImmunoGen and Genentech. Marketing applications for trastuzumab emtansine are under review in the US and Europe. The Defense and the most dangerous aspect of breast cancer is its ability to spread to distant sites, most tumors are initially unable to do that Learning more specifically what triggers metastases may provide additional targets for preventing and treating the malignant process that causes cancer deaths. It’s widely accepted that cancers acquire the ability to spread through the gradual accumulation of genetic changes, and experiments have also shown that these changes occur in parallel with changes in the protein content and 3-dimensional patterning of the protein meshwork that creates their immediate surroundings Gene that stops the growth of KCNK9 Genes is gene is p53. p53 is a fundamental determinant of cancer susceptibility, p53 integrates stress signals and elicits apoplectic responses that maintain genomic stability. When cells sense a decrease in oxygen availability (hypoxia), they develop adaptive responses in order to sustain this condition and survive. If hypoxia lasts too long or is too severe, the cells eventually die. Hypoxia is also known to modulate the p53 pathway, in a manner dependent or not of HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1), the main transcription factor activated by hypoxia. The p53 protein is a transcription factor, which is rapidly stabilized by cellular stresses
and which has a major role in the cell responses to these stresses. This process is why it is important Conrad says for people that are first degree relatives of breast cancer patients, must take a genomic test to see if they are the carrier of gene KCNK9. By identifying this gene we can direct patients with the correct advise as to deal with the fact that they have a lunp on the breast to they are going to get a lump on their breast. Often what happens is that a breast cancer patients dose not go to the doctor or take important test to see if there is a lump on the breast. what happens is the spread of breast cancer is responsible for more than 90 percent of breast cancer deaths.
A panel of three breast cancer biomarkers (BC1, BC2, and BC3) from serum samples collected at a single hospital based on their
Collective contribution to the optimal separation of
breast cancer patients and noncancer controls by surface-
enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight
mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The identities and
general applicability of these markers, however, were
unknown. In this study, we performed protein expression
profiling on samples obtained from a second hospital,
included a greater number of ductal carcinoma in
situ (DCIS) cases, and performed purification and identification
of the 2 confirmed markers.
Methods: Using a case– control study design, we performed
protein expression profiling on serum samples
from the National Cancer Institute (Milan, Italy). The
validation sample cohort consisted of 61 women with
locally invasive breast cancer, 32 with DCIS, 37 with
various benign breast diseases (including 13 atypical),
and 46 age-matched apparently healthy women (age
range, 44–68 years). Validated biomarkers were purified
and identified with serial chromatography, 1-dimensional
gel electrophoresis, in-gel ASP-N digestion, peptide
mass fingerprinting, and tandem mass peptide
sequencing.
Results: The BC3 and BC2 expression patterns in this
sample set were consistent with the first study sample
set. BC3 and BC2 were identified to be complement
component C3adesArg and a C-terminal–truncated form
of C3adesArg, respectively.
Conclusions: Evaluation of biomarkers in independent
sample sets can help determine the broader utility of
candidate markers, and protein identification permits
understanding of their molecular basis. C3adesArg appears
to lack specificity among patients with benign
diseases, limiting its utility as a stand-alone tumor
marker, but it may still be useful in a multimarker panel
for early detection of breast cancer.
Barrons Medical Journal Says That we are going to have a breast cancer cure by the end of President Obama 2nd term
neurogenesis. Neurogenesis disrupts ongoing brain rhythms in the part of the brain responsible for making new memories. That affected by learning and in some cases are necessary for learning to occur.
